2008-Ethical_Egoism. R1: All of us need help from others sometimes.. Suggesting something that benefits others suggests we should care about people for their own sake. . That. '. s an inconsistent argument.. A2: An organism ultimately values its own life. A1. If everyone were exclusively s. elf-interested then everyone would benefit through their own self-reliance.. Ethical Egoism. D: Claims morality IS about reasons, and that an act is right when it promotes one. '. s own best interests. Principle: Promote one. '. s own good. R2: Egoism attempts to derive values from certain general facts about biology. . We. '. ve evolved with natural dispositions to care about each other, whose friendships, loves, and communities enable us to survive and flourish. This is an (overlooked) fact, too.. A3: Self-Respect requires complete devotion to one. '. s interests. Altruists degrade themselves through service to others. Beneficiaries of help become servile and dependent.. R3: Some forms of altruism are misguided. Not all are, though. This downplays the vulnerabilites we all share.. Psychological Egoism. D: A theory about the facts concerning human motivation, rather than an ethical theory. . Since it portrays people as motivated solely by what the believe to be good for themselves, it. '. s also used an another argument for Ethical Egoism.. A1: People always do act on their own desires, therefore they only seek the satisfaction of their own desires. R1: Yes, our own acts are motivated by our own desires. . But there are 2 kinds of desires...self-seeking and altruistic desires. Thus, it does not follow that I ONLY care about self-seeking desires.. A2: People always . &. only seek pleasure for themselves; thus they only seek what. '. s good for themselves.. R2: There are 2 sources of pleasure. One is through obtaining goods for ourselves; another is through obtaining goods for others.. A3: For any type of action, we can always imagine a self-serving motive.. A4: When we look closely we always find that an element of self-interest was a motive for helping others; therefore PE is true. R3: To imagine is one thing, to be correct is another. Only a cynic who holds a thoroughly pessimistic view of human nature could conclude this.. R4: Perhaps this is true, but it doesn. '. t state or even prove that self-interest is the ONLY motive. D: Description of a theory or view. A: Argument in support of a theory or view. R: Response or counterargument. ". Ethical Egoism. ". Karla Pierce, HospitalityEthics.com. 2008.. From . ". Everyday Morality. ". by Mike Martin. 2007..